Documentation Grafana Cloud Instrument and send data Grafana Alloy Collect and forward data Collect OpenTelemetry data

Collect OpenTelemetry data and forward it to any OpenTelemetry-compatible endpoint

You can configure Alloy to collect OpenTelemetry-compatible data and forward it to any OpenTelemetry-compatible endpoint.

This topic describes how to:

• Configure OpenTelemetry data delivery.
• Configure batching.
• Receive OpenTelemetry data over OTLP.

Components used in this topic

• otelcol.auth.basic
• otelcol.exporter.otlp
• otelcol.exporter.otlphttp
• otelcol.processor.batch
• otelcol.receiver.otlp

Before you begin

• Ensure that you have basic familiarity with instrumenting applications with OpenTelemetry.
• Have a set of OpenTelemetry applications ready to push telemetry data to Alloy.
• Identify where Alloy writes received telemetry data.
• Be familiar with the concept of Components in Alloy.

Configure an OpenTelemetry Protocol exporter

Before components can receive OpenTelemetry data, you must have a component responsible for exporting the OpenTelemetry data. An OpenTelemetry exporter component is responsible for writing (exporting) OpenTelemetry data to an external system.

In this task, you use the otelcol.exporter.otlp component to send OpenTelemetry data to a server using the OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP). After an exporter component is defined, you can use other Alloy components to forward data to it.

To configure an otelcol.exporter.otlp component for exporting OpenTelemetry data using OTLP, complete the following steps:

1. Add the following otelcol.exporter.otlp component to your configuration file:

   alloy Copy

   otelcol.exporter.otlp "<EXPORTER_LABEL>" {
     client {
       endpoint = "<HOST>:<PORT>"
     }
   }

   Replace the following:

   • <EXPORTER_LABEL>: The label for the component, such as default. The label you use must be unique across all otelcol.exporter.otlp components in the same configuration file.
   • <HOST>: The hostname or IP address of the server to send OTLP requests to.
   • <PORT>: The port of the server to send OTLP requests to.

2. If your server requires basic authentication, complete the following:

   1. Add the following otelcol.auth.basic component to your configuration file:

      alloy Copy

      otelcol.auth.basic "<BASIC_AUTH_LABEL>" {
        username = "<USERNAME>"
        password = "<PASSWORD>"
      }

      Replace the following:

      • <BASIC_AUTH_LABEL>: The label for the component, such as default. The label you use must be unique across all otelcol.auth.basic components in the same configuration file.
      • <USERNAME>: The basic authentication username.
      • <PASSWORD>: The basic authentication password or API key.

   2. Add the following line inside of the client block of your otelcol.exporter.otlp component:

      alloy Copy

      auth = otelcol.auth.basic.<BASIC_AUTH_LABEL>.handler

      Replace the following:

      • <BASIC_AUTH_LABEL>: The label for the otelcol.auth.basic component.

3. If you have more than one server to export metrics to, create an otelcol.exporter.otlp component for each additional server.

The following example demonstrates configuring otelcol.exporter.otlp with authentication and a component that forwards data to it:

alloy Copy

otelcol.exporter.otlp "default" {
  client {
    endpoint = "my-otlp-grpc-server:4317"
    auth     = otelcol.auth.basic.credentials.handler
  }
}

otelcol.auth.basic "credentials" {
  // Retrieve credentials using environment variables.

  username = sys.env("BASIC_AUTH_USER")
  password = sys.env("API_KEY")
}

otelcol.receiver.otlp "example" {
  grpc {
    endpoint = "127.0.0.1:4317"
  }

  http {
    endpoint = "127.0.0.1:4318"
  }

  output {
    metrics = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
    logs    = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
    traces  = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
  }
}

For more information on writing OpenTelemetry data using the OpenTelemetry Protocol, refer to otelcol.exporter.otlp.

Configure batching

Production-ready Alloy configurations shouldn’t send OpenTelemetry data directly to an exporter for delivery. Instead, data is usually sent to one or more processor components that perform various transformations on the data.

Ensuring data is batched is a production-readiness step to improve data compression and reduce the number of outgoing network requests to external systems.

In this task, you configure an otelcol.processor.batch component to batch data before sending it to the exporter.

To configure an otelcol.processor.batch component, complete the following steps:

1. Follow Configure an OpenTelemetry Protocol exporter to ensure received data can be written to an external system.

2. Add the following otelcol.processor.batch component into your configuration file:

   alloy Copy

   otelcol.processor.batch "<PROCESSOR_LABEL>" {
     output {
       metrics = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.<EXPORTER_LABEL>.input]
       logs    = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.<EXPORTER_LABEL>.input]
       traces  = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.>EXPORTER_LABEL>.input]
     }
   }

   Replace the following:

   • <PROCESSOR_LABEL>: The label for the component, such as default. The label you use must be unique across all otelcol.processor.batch components in the same configuration file.
   • <EXPORTER_LABEL>: The label for your otelcol.exporter.otlp component.

   1. To disable one of the telemetry types, set the relevant type in the output block to the empty list, such as metrics = [].

   2. To send batched data to another processor, replace the components in the output list with the processor components to use.

The following example demonstrates configuring a sequence of otelcol.processor components before being exported.

alloy Copy

otelcol.processor.memory_limiter "default" {
  check_interval = "1s"
  limit          = "1GiB"

  output {
    metrics = [otelcol.processor.batch.default.input]
    logs    = [otelcol.processor.batch.default.input]
    traces  = [otelcol.processor.batch.default.input]
  }
}

otelcol.processor.batch "default" {
  output {
    metrics = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
    logs    = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
    traces  = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
  }
}

otelcol.exporter.otlp "default" {
  client {
    endpoint = "my-otlp-grpc-server:4317"
  }
}

For more information on configuring OpenTelemetry data batching, refer to otelcol.processor.batch.

Configure an OpenTelemetry Protocol receiver

You can configure Alloy to receive OpenTelemetry metrics, logs, and traces. An OpenTelemetry receiver component is responsible for receiving OpenTelemetry data from an external system.

In this task, you use the otelcol.receiver.otlp component to receive OpenTelemetry data over the network using the OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP). You can configure a receiver component to forward received data to other Alloy components.

Refer to the list of available Components for the full list of otelcol.receiver components that you can use to receive OpenTelemetry-compatible data.

To configure an otelcol.receiver.otlp component for receiving OTLP data, complete the following steps:

1. Follow Configure an OpenTelemetry Protocol exporter to ensure received data can be written to an external system.

2. Optional: Follow Configure batching to improve compression and reduce the total amount of network requests.

3. Add the following otelcol.receiver.otlp component to your configuration file.

   alloy Copy

   otelcol.receiver.otlp "<LABEL>" {
     output {
       metrics = [<COMPONENT_INPUT_LIST>]
       logs    = [<COMPONENT_INPUT_LIST>]
       traces  = [<COMPONENT_INPUT_LIST>]
     }
   }

   Replace the following:

   • <LABEL>: The label for the component, such as default. The label you use must be unique across all otelcol.receiver.otlp components in the same configuration file.
   • <COMPONENT_INPUT_LIST>: A comma-delimited list of component inputs to forward received data to. For example, to send data to a batch processor component, use otelcol.processor.batch.PROCESSOR_LABEL.input. To send data directly to an exporter component, use otelcol.exporter.otlp.EXPORTER_LABEL.input.

   1. To allow applications to send OTLP data over gRPC on port 4317, add the following to your otelcol.receiver.otlp component.

      alloy Copy

      grpc {
        endpoint = "<HOST>:4317"
      }

      Replace the following:

      • <HOST>: A host to listen to traffic on. Use a narrowly scoped listen address whenever possible. To listen on all network interfaces, replace <HOST> with 0.0.0.0.

   2. To allow applications to send OTLP data over HTTP/1.1 on port 4318, add the following to your otelcol.receiver.otlp component.

      alloy Copy

      http {
        endpoint = "<HOST>:4318"
      }

      Replace the following:

      • <HOST>: The host to listen to traffic on. Use a narrowly scoped listen address whenever possible. To listen on all network interfaces, replace <HOST> with 0.0.0.0.

   3. To disable one of the telemetry types, set the relevant type in the output block to the empty list, such as metrics = [].

The following example demonstrates configuring otelcol.receiver.otlp and sending it to an exporter:

alloy Copy

otelcol.receiver.otlp "example" {
  grpc {
    endpoint = "127.0.0.1:4317"
  }

  http {
    endpoint = "127.0.0.1:4318"
  }

  output {
    metrics = [otelcol.processor.batch.example.input]
    logs    = [otelcol.processor.batch.example.input]
    traces  = [otelcol.processor.batch.example.input]
  }
}

otelcol.processor.batch "example" {
  output {
    metrics = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
    logs    = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
    traces  = [otelcol.exporter.otlp.default.input]
  }
}

otelcol.exporter.otlp "default" {
  client {
    endpoint = "my-otlp-grpc-server:4317"
  }
}

For more information on receiving OpenTelemetry data using the OpenTelemetry Protocol, refer to otelcol.receiver.otlp.