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Important: This documentation is about an older version. It's relevant only to the release noted, many of the features and functions have been updated or replaced. Please view the current version.

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Grafana Loki Storage

High level storage overview here

Grafana Loki needs to store two different types of data: chunks and indexes.

Loki receives logs in separate streams, where each stream is uniquely identified by its tenant ID and its set of labels. As log entries from a stream arrive, they are compressed as “chunks” and saved in the chunks store. See chunk format for how chunks are stored internally.

The index stores each stream’s label set and links them to the individual chunks.

Refer to Loki’s configuration for details on how to configure the storage and the index.

For more information:

  1. Table Manager
  2. Retention
  3. Logs Deletion

Supported Stores

The following are supported for the index:

The following are supported for the chunks:

Cloud Storage Permissions

S3

When using S3 as object storage, the following permissions are needed:

  • s3:ListBucket
  • s3:PutObject
  • s3:GetObject
  • s3:DeleteObject (if running the Single Store (boltdb-shipper) compactor)

Resources: arn:aws:s3:::<bucket_name>, arn:aws:s3:::<bucket_name>/*

The following policy sets these permissions

json
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "LokiStorage",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": {
                "AWS": [
                    "arn:aws:iam::<account_ID>"
                ]
            },
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::<bucket_name>",
                "arn:aws:s3:::<bucket_name>/*"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

DynamoDB

When using DynamoDB for the index, the following permissions are needed:

  • dynamodb:BatchGetItem
  • dynamodb:BatchWriteItem
  • dynamodb:DeleteItem
  • dynamodb:DescribeTable
  • dynamodb:GetItem
  • dynamodb:ListTagsOfResource
  • dynamodb:PutItem
  • dynamodb:Query
  • dynamodb:TagResource
  • dynamodb:UntagResource
  • dynamodb:UpdateItem
  • dynamodb:UpdateTable
  • dynamodb:CreateTable
  • dynamodb:DeleteTable (if table_manager.retention_period is more than 0s)

Resources: arn:aws:dynamodb:<aws_region>:<aws_account_id>:table/<prefix>*

  • dynamodb:ListTables

Resources: *

AutoScaling

If you enable autoscaling from table manager, the following permissions are needed:

Application Autoscaling
  • application-autoscaling:DescribeScalableTargets
  • application-autoscaling:DescribeScalingPolicies
  • application-autoscaling:RegisterScalableTarget
  • application-autoscaling:DeregisterScalableTarget
  • application-autoscaling:PutScalingPolicy
  • application-autoscaling:DeleteScalingPolicy

Resources: *

IAM
  • iam:GetRole
  • iam:PassRole

Resources: arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:role/<role_name>

Chunk Format

  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |                               |                                 |
  |        MagicNumber(4b)        |           version(1b)           |
  |                               |                                 |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |         block-1 bytes         |          checksum (4b)          |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |         block-2 bytes         |          checksum (4b)          |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |         block-n bytes         |          checksum (4b)          |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |                        #blocks (uvarint)                        |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  | #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  | #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  | #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  | #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |                      checksum(from #blocks)                     |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |           metasOffset - offset to the point with #blocks        |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------