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Documentation Loki Documentation LogQL Matching IP addresses

Matching IP addresses

Matching IP addresses is an experimental feature.

LogQL supports matching IP addresses.

With logs such as

Copy

3.180.71.3 - - [17/May/2015:08:05:32 +0000] "GET /downloads/product_1 HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Debian APT-HTTP/1.3 (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.21)"
80.91.33.133 - - [17/May/2015:08:05:14 +0000] "GET /downloads/product_1 HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Debian APT-HTTP/1.3 (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.16)"
46.4.66.76 - - [17/May/2015:08:05:45 +0000] "GET /downloads/product_1 HTTP/1.1" 404 318 "-" "Debian APT-HTTP/1.3 (1.0.1ubuntu2)"
93.180.71.3 - - [17/May/2015:08:05:26 +0000] "GET /downloads/product_1 HTTP/1.1" 404 324 "-" "Debian APT-HTTP/1.3 (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.21)"

the LogQL line filter is not sufficient. A line filter such as

logql Copy

{job_name="myapp"} |= "3.180.71.3"

also matches example IP addresses such as 93.180.71.3. A better choice uses a regexp: |~"^3.180.71.3". This regexp does not handle IPv6 addresses, and it does not match a range of IP addresses.

The LogQL support for matching IP addresses handles both IPv4 and IPv6 single addresses, as well as ranges within IP addresses and CIDR patterns.

Match IP addresses wtih the syntax: ip("<pattern>"). The <pattern> can be:

• A single IP address. Examples: ip("192.0.2.0"), ip("::1")
• A range within the IP address. Examples: ip("192.168.0.1-192.189.10.12"), ip("2001:db8::1-2001:db8::8")
• A CIDR specification. Examples: ip("192.51.100.0/24"), ip("2001:db8::/32")

The IP matching can be used in both line filter and label filter expressions. When specifying line filter expressions, only the |= and != operations are allowed. When specifying label filter expressions, only the = and != operations are allowed.

• Line filter examples

  logql Copy

  {job_name="myapp"} |= ip("192.168.4.5/16")

  Return log lines that do not match with an IPv4 range:

  logql Copy

  {job_name="myapp"} != ip("192.168.4.5-192.168.4.20")

• Label filter examples

  logql Copy

  {job_name="myapp"}
  	| logfmt
  	| remote_addr = ip("2001:db8::1-2001:db8::8")
  	| level = "error"

  Filters can be chained. This example matches log lines with all IPv4 subnet values 192.168.4.5/16 except IP address 192.168.4.2:

  logql Copy

  {job_name="myapp"}
  	| logfmt
  	| addr =f ip("192.168.4.5/16")
  	| addr != ip("192.168.4.2")