---
title: "| Grafana k6 documentation"
description: "k6 v2.4.0 is here 🎉! This release includes: Experimental tracing of test runs, scenarios, VUs, and iterations. Ed25519 signatures and X25519 key agreement in WebCrypto. Credential-header redaction for HTTP and gRPC debug logs. Structured gRPC error details. Fixes for browser selectors, JavaScript memory leaks, and asynchronous error reporting. Deprecation of the built-in InfluxDB and Prometheus remote-write outputs ahead of k6 v3. Upgrade notes Recheck browser received-data thresholds #6496 browser_data_received now uses the encoded transfer size reported by Chrome DevTools when a response finishes, including responses in a redirect chain. This can differ from the previously computed response size, particularly for compressed responses. Recheck thresholds and baselines that use this metric when upgrading from an earlier version."
---

> For a curated documentation index, see [llms.txt](/llms.txt). For the complete documentation index, see [llms-full.txt](/llms-full.txt).

[Documentation](https://grafana.com/docs/)![breadcrumb arrow](https://grafana.com/static/assets/img/icons/grafana-icon-breadcrumb-arrow-gray.svg) [Grafana k6](https://grafana.com/docs/k6/latest/)![breadcrumb arrow](https://grafana.com/static/assets/img/icons/grafana-icon-breadcrumb-arrow-gray.svg) [Release notes](https://grafana.com/docs/k6/latest/release-notes/)![breadcrumb arrow](https://grafana.com/static/assets/img/icons/grafana-icon-breadcrumb-arrow-gray.svg)

Open source

k6 `v2.4.0` is here 🎉! This release includes:

- Experimental tracing of test runs, scenarios, VUs, and iterations.
- Ed25519 signatures and X25519 key agreement in WebCrypto.
- Credential-header redaction for HTTP and gRPC debug logs.
- Structured gRPC error details.
- Fixes for browser selectors, JavaScript memory leaks, and asynchronous error reporting.
- Deprecation of the built-in InfluxDB and Prometheus remote-write outputs ahead of k6 v3.

## Upgrade notes

### Recheck browser received-data thresholds [#6496](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6496)

`browser_data_received` now uses the encoded transfer size reported by Chrome DevTools when a response finishes, including responses in a redirect chain. This can differ from the previously computed response size, particularly for compressed responses. Recheck thresholds and baselines that use this metric when upgrading from an earlier version.

### Conversion changes for extension authors [#6629](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6629)

Extension authors should check code that relies on Sobek’s Go-to-JavaScript value conversion. Nil slices now become null/undefined instead of empty arrays, and `Runtime.ToValue()` dereferences only one pointer level. Use a non-nil empty slice when an extension API should return an empty JavaScript array. This guidance concerns extension implementations; k6 preserves empty-array results for the affected built-in browser, HTML, and gRPC APIs.

## Deprecations

### InfluxDB and Prometheus remote-write outputs [#6665](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6665)

The built-in `influxdb` and `experimental-prometheus-rw` metrics outputs are deprecated and planned for removal in k6 v3. They continue to work in v2.4.0 but now log a deprecation warning when used. We recommend migrating to the `opentelemetry` metrics output.

## New features

### Trace the test execution hierarchy [#6605](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6605)

The experimental `native-tracing` feature adds spans for the test run, each scenario, each VU activation, and each iteration. Browser spans become children of the corresponding iteration, so you can follow browser activity within the wider test execution.

Enable the feature and configure an OpenTelemetry traces output:

shell ![Copy code to clipboard](https://grafana.com/media/images/icons/icon-copy-small-2.svg) Copy

```shell
k6 run --features=native-tracing --traces-output=otel=http://localhost:4318 script.js
```

The hierarchy is `k6.run` → `scenario` → `vu` → `iteration`. Spans include scenario and execution identifiers. Failed iterations record errors, while iterations interrupted by the end of a scenario are marked as interrupted. The feature is opt-in and requires an enabled traces output.

### Sign and exchange keys with Ed25519 and X25519 [#6525](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6525)

WebCrypto now supports Ed25519 signing and verification, and X25519 key agreement. Both algorithms support key generation and import/export, including JWK keys.

For example, generate an Ed25519 key pair, sign a message, and verify its signature:

js ![Copy code to clipboard](https://grafana.com/media/images/icons/icon-copy-small-2.svg) Copy

```js
export default async function () {
  const keys = await crypto.subtle.generateKey('Ed25519', true, ['sign', 'verify']);
  const message = new Uint8Array([104, 101, 108, 108, 111]);
  const signature = await crypto.subtle.sign('Ed25519', keys.privateKey, message);
  const valid = await crypto.subtle.verify('Ed25519', keys.publicKey, signature, message);
  console.log(valid); // true
}
```

Thanks, @BlairCurrey!

### Hide credential headers in debug logs [#6607](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6607)

Use `--http-debug-redact` with `--http-debug` to mask credential headers in HTTP requests and responses, and in gRPC metadata:

shell ![Copy code to clipboard](https://grafana.com/media/images/icons/icon-copy-small-2.svg) Copy

```shell
k6 run --http-debug --http-debug-redact script.js
```

Redaction covers `Authorization`, `Proxy-Authorization`, `Cookie`, `Set-Cookie`, `X-API-Key`, `X-Auth-Token`, and `X-Amz-Security-Token`. Authentication schemes, cookie names, and cookie attributes remain visible to help with debugging. You can also enable it through `K6_HTTP_DEBUG_REDACT` or the `httpDebugRedact` script option.

Redaction is disabled by default. It only masks these headers and metadata keys; URL query parameters and bodies logged with `--http-debug=full` remain unchanged. Thanks, @digitalcrab!

### Inspect structured gRPC error details [#5711](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/5711)

gRPC responses now expose structured error details from `grpc-status-details-bin` through `response.error.details`. This lets scripts inspect field-validation errors, retry information, and other details supplied by a server instead of relying only on an error message.

k6 resolves both standard Google error-detail types and custom types loaded through the client. If details cannot be converted, the error still includes its code and message. See [the gRPC error-details example](https://grafana.com/docs/k6/latest/release-notes/examples/grpc_error_details.js) for a complete script. Thanks, @yordis!

### Send HTTP QUERY requests [#6481](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6481)

The new `http.query(url, body, params)` convenience method sends an HTTP `QUERY` request. It accepts a request body and the same request parameters as the other HTTP convenience methods.

js ![Copy code to clipboard](https://grafana.com/media/images/icons/icon-copy-small-2.svg) Copy

```js
import http from 'k6/http';

export default function () {
  http.query('https://example.com/search', JSON.stringify({ term: 'k6' }), {
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  });
}
```

Thanks, @ashrafiucse!

## UX improvements and enhancements

- [#6528](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6528) Adds `K6_PROMETHEUS_RW_SIGV4_TOKEN` for AWS session credentials when signing Prometheus remote-write requests. Use it together with the existing region, access-key, and secret-key options. Thanks, @ashrafiucse!
- [#6483](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6483) Supports fetching intermediate TLS certificates supplied as PKCS#7/CMS bundles, including PEM-armored bundles, when `tlsAIAFetch` is enabled. This allows certificate-chain completion with more certificate authorities. Thanks, @ashrafiucse!
- [#6565](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6565) Accepts the standard `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256` and `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256` cipher-suite names while preserving the existing aliases. Thanks, @HakeemTheEmperor!
- [#6561](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6561) Includes the searched path in errors for missing local files. Thanks, @kriyanshii!
- [#6581](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6581) Adds the missing script argument to two `k6 run` help examples. Thanks, @ZainnQureshii!
- [#6403](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6403) Adds a proxy option to the Prometheus remote write output. Thanks, @KR-Ravindra!

## Bug fixes

- [#6637](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6637) Makes `browserContext.pages()` return pages in attachment order instead of an unpredictable order, preserving the order of remaining pages when a page closes. Thanks, @adityareddy-dev!
- [#6629](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6629) Fixes a JavaScript memory leak introduced in v2.2.0: WeakMap entries whose values reference their keys can now be collected again. This affects scripts using, for example, the jslib URL polyfill.
- [#6614](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6614) Reports an error when a script function returns a promise that remains pending after the event loop has no work left to settle it. Normal interruption at the end of a scenario or test does not produce this error. Thanks, @muhammadmobi!
- [#6406](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6406) Reports unhandled promise rejections as script exceptions, with the corresponding script-error abort reason and an `unhandled script exception` log hint. Thanks, @IslamElsayed!
- [#6587](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6587) Prevents panics when formatting unhandled promise rejections whose stack access, string conversion, or export executes JavaScript.
- [#6578](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6578) Fixes browser `text=` and bare quoted selectors, `visible=false` matching, and selector chaining after a visibility filter. Also fixes stale `hasText`/`hasNotText` results after DOM updates, escaping of text and regular-expression values, accessible names containing CRLF, and chained selectors across nested open shadow roots, including `nth()` and `all()`.
- [#6496](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6496) Uses the encoded transfer size reported by Chrome for `browser_data_received`, including redirects. Values can differ from earlier releases, particularly for compressed responses, so existing thresholds and comparisons might need adjustment. Thanks, @Saad259!
- [#6390](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6390) Makes request objects reflect URL, method, header, and body overrides from `route.continue()` before request events are emitted.
- [#6167](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6167) Prevents empty duplicate browser navigation spans on client-side redirects, while preserving tracing for navigation after a download or a response that does not commit a document.
- [#6568](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6568) Prevents screenshot-upload errors from exposing credentials or internal storage URLs, and avoids echoing secret values in screenshot-output configuration errors.
- [#6567](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6567) Preserves `=` characters inside `K6_BROWSER_SCREENSHOTS_OUTPUT` configuration values.
- [#6591](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6591) Reports browser initialization configuration errors without panicking.
- [#6381](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6381) Returns a regular 401 response with an empty body when digest authentication finds no usable challenge, instead of reporting a closed-response-body error. Replaces the unmaintained digest-authentication library. Thanks, @ashrafiucse!
- [#6486](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6486) Prevents digest authentication from removing credentials from a shared `http.url` value used by subsequent requests. Thanks, @ashrafiucse!
- [#6575](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6575) Fixes a race between HTTP transport initialization and WebSocket or gRPC use of the same VU’s TLS configuration.
- [#6590](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6590) Treats HTML `checked` and `disabled` attributes as boolean attributes during form serialization, so their presence determines their effect regardless of their value. Thanks, @sebxt!
- [#6489](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6489) Supports ECDH `deriveBits` lengths that are not multiples of eight and clears unused trailing bits. Thanks, @hyuraku!
- [#6379](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6379) Rejects creating a `k6/websockets` connection in the init context with an error. Thanks, @ousamabenyounes!
- [#6610](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6610) Reports gzip finalization errors in compressed CSV and JSON output, as well as buffered-write errors when closing compressed JSON output. Thanks, @skdas20!
- [#6497](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6497) Marks the ramping-arrival-rate progress bar as complete when the executor finishes early. Thanks, @NitinKumar004!

## Maintenance and internal improvements

- [#6629](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6629), [#6640](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6640) Update Sobek and JavaScript conformance expectations. Improvements include lazy string concatenation, regular-expression handling, typed-array operations, and parsing and BigInt fixes. Float16Array conformance tests are now enabled, and compiler error handling is adapted to Sobek’s updated source-location API.
- [#6551](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6551) Updates CDP to v0.158.3 and adapts the browser implementation to its typed command API, including changes to timestamps, binary payloads, and execution-context destruction handling.
- [#6541](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6541), [#6542](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6542) Apply the `golang.org/x/net` v0.60.0 security update to k6 and the gRPC example server.
- [#6662](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6662) Updates k6’s `golang.org/x/net` dependency to v0.62.0 for security fixes in HTML parsing and rendering.
- [#6249](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6249) Adds gRPC proto-loading coverage with the client and server running in separate processes. Thanks, @djedi-knight!
- [#6635](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6635) Fixes serving browser test fixtures on Windows. Thanks, @adityareddy-dev!
- [#6534](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6534) Updates goroutine-leak checks for Go tip’s Windows synchronous I/O worker. Thanks, @NitinKumar004!
- [#6573](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6573) Makes cloud tar-archive tests less flaky.
- [#6527](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6527) Uses the shared k6 CI configuration to select the Go version for browser end-to-end tests.
- [#6477](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6477), [#6356](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6356), [#6501](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6501), [#6499](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6499), [#6508](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6508), [#6500](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6500), [#6377](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6377), [#6419](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6419), [#6514](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6514), [#6512](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6512), [#6405](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6405), [#6546](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6546), [#6510](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6510), [#6378](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6378), [#6509](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6509), [#6520](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6520), [#6549](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6549), [#6550](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6550), [#6560](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6560), [#6513](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6513), [#6582](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6582), [#6584](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6584), [#6521](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6521), [#6597](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6597), [#6595](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6595), [#6596](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6596), [#6302](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6302), [#6564](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6564), [#6517](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6517), [#6263](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6263), [#6537](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6537), [#6359](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6359), [#6645](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6645), [#6652](https://github.com/grafana/k6/pull/6652) Updates the Docker build image to Go 1.27.3 and the runtime image to Alpine 3.24.2, Brotli to v1.2.8, goquery to v1.13.0, `klauspost/compress` to v1.20.3, k6provider to v0.5.1, protoreflect to v1.18.1, `go-colorable` to v0.1.16, Prometheus client-model to v0.6.3, and `golang.org/x/crypto` to v0.58.0. Also updates related Go dependencies, generated Protobuf packages, Docker image digests, GitHub Actions, and k6 CI tooling. Example updates include Grafana v13.2.4 and gRPC v1.84.0 for the example server.