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prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch

The prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch component embeds yet-another-cloudwatch-exporter, letting you collect Amazon CloudWatch metrics, translate them to a prometheus-compatible format and remote write them.

This component lets you scrape CloudWatch metrics in a set of configurations we call jobs. There are two kinds of jobs: discovery and static.

Authentication

Alloy must be running in an environment with access to AWS. The exporter uses the AWS SDK for Go and provides authentication via AWS’s default credential chain. Regardless of the method used to acquire the credentials, some permissions are needed for the exporter to work.

"tag:GetResources",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricStatistics",
"cloudwatch:ListMetrics"

The following IAM permissions are required for the Transit Gateway attachment (tgwa) metrics to work.

"ec2:DescribeTags",
"ec2:DescribeInstances",
"ec2:DescribeRegions",
"ec2:DescribeTransitGateway*"

The following IAM permission is required to discover tagged API Gateway REST APIs:

"apigateway:GET"

The following IAM permissions are required to discover tagged Database Migration Service (DMS) replication instances and tasks:

"dms:DescribeReplicationInstances",
"dms:DescribeReplicationTasks"

To use all of the integration features, use the following AWS IAM Policy:

json
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "Stmt1674249227793",
      "Action": [
        "tag:GetResources",
        "cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
        "cloudwatch:GetMetricStatistics",
        "cloudwatch:ListMetrics",
        "ec2:DescribeTags",
        "ec2:DescribeInstances",
        "ec2:DescribeRegions",
        "ec2:DescribeTransitGateway*",
        "apigateway:GET",
        "dms:DescribeReplicationInstances",
        "dms:DescribeReplicationTasks"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

Usage

alloy
prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch "queues" {
    sts_region      = "us-east-2"
    aws_sdk_version_v2 = "false"
    discovery {
        type        = "AWS/SQS"
        regions     = ["us-east-2"]
        search_tags = {
            "scrape" = "true",
        }

        metric {
            name       = "NumberOfMessagesSent"
            statistics = ["Sum", "Average"]
            period     = "1m"
        }

        metric {
            name       = "NumberOfMessagesReceived"
            statistics = ["Sum", "Average"]
            period     = "1m"
        }
    }
}

Arguments

You can use the following arguments to configure the exporter’s behavior. Omitted fields take their default values.

NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
sts_regionstringAWS region to use when calling STS for retrieving account information.yes
aws_sdk_version_v2boolUse AWS SDK version 2.falseno
fips_disabledboolDisable use of FIPS endpoints. Set ’true’ when running outside of USA regions.trueno
debugboolEnable debug logging on CloudWatch exporter internals.falseno
discovery_exported_tagsmap(list(string))List of tags (value) per service (key) to export in all metrics. For example, defining the ["name", "type"] under "AWS/EC2" will export the name and type tags and its values as labels in all metrics. Affects all discovery jobs.{}no

Blocks

You can use the following blocks inprometheus.exporter.cloudwatch to configure collector-specific options:

HierarchyNameDescriptionRequired
discoverydiscoveryConfigures a discovery job. Multiple jobs can be configured.no*
discovery > roleroleConfigures the IAM roles the job should assume to scrape metrics. Defaults to the role configured in the environment Alloy runs on.no
discovery > metricmetricConfigures the list of metrics the job should scrape. Multiple metrics can be defined inside one job.yes
staticstaticConfigures a static job. Multiple jobs can be configured.no*
static > roleroleConfigures the IAM roles the job should assume to scrape metrics. Defaults to the role configured in the environment Alloy runs on.no
static > metricmetricConfigures the list of metrics the job should scrape. Multiple metrics can be defined inside one job.yes
custom_namespacecustom_namespaceConfigures a custom namespace job. Multiple jobs can be configured.no*
custom_namespace > roleroleConfigures the IAM roles the job should assume to scrape metrics. Defaults to the role configured in the environment Alloy runs on.no
custom_namespace > metricmetricConfigures the list of metrics the job should scrape. Multiple metrics can be defined inside one job.yes
decoupled_scrapingdecoupled_scrapingConfigures the decoupled scraping feature to retrieve metrics on a schedule and return the cached metrics.no

Note

The static, discovery, and custom_namespace blocks are marked as not required, but you must configure at least one static, discovery, or custom namespace job.

discovery block

The discovery block allows the component to scrape CloudWatch metrics with only the AWS service and a list of metrics under that service/namespace. Alloy will find AWS resources in the specified service for which to scrape these metrics, label them appropriately, and export them to Prometheus. For example, if we wanted to scrape CPU utilization and network traffic metrics from all AWS EC2 instances:

alloy
prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch "discover_instances" {
    sts_region = "us-east-2"

    discovery {
        type    = "AWS/EC2"
        regions = ["us-east-2"]

        metric {
            name       = "CPUUtilization"
            statistics = ["Average"]
            period     = "5m"
        }

        metric {
            name       = "NetworkPacketsIn"
            statistics = ["Average"]
            period     = "5m"
        }
    }
}

You can configure the discovery block one or multiple times to scrape metrics from different services or with different search_tags.

NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
regionslist(string)List of AWS regions.yes
typestringCloudWatch service alias ("alb", "ec2", etc) or namespace name ("AWS/EC2", "AWS/S3", etc). Refer to supported-services for a complete list.yes
custom_tagsmap(string)Custom tags to be added as a list of key / value pairs. When exported to Prometheus format, the label name follows the following format: custom_tag_{key}.{}no
search_tagsmap(string)List of key / value pairs to use for tag filtering (all must match). Value can be a regex.{}no
dimension_name_requirementslist(string)List of metric dimensions to query. Before querying metric values, the total list of metrics will be filtered to only those that contain exactly this list of dimensions. An empty or undefined list results in all dimension combinations being included.{}no
nil_to_zeroboolWhen true, NaN metric values are converted to 0. Individual metrics can override this value in the metric block.trueno

static block

The static block configures the component to scrape a specific set of CloudWatch metrics. The metrics need to be fully qualified with the following specifications:

  1. namespace: For example, AWS/EC2, AWS/EBS, CoolApp if it were a custom metric, etc.
  2. dimensions: CloudWatch identifies a metric by a set of dimensions, which are essentially label / value pairs. For example, all AWS/EC2 metrics are identified by the InstanceId dimension and the identifier itself.
  3. metric: Metric name and statistics.

For example, if you want to scrape the same metrics in the discovery example, but for a specific AWS EC2 instance:

alloy
prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch "static_instances" {
    sts_region = "us-east-2"

    static "instances" {
        regions    = ["us-east-2"]
        namespace  = "AWS/EC2"
        dimensions = {
            "InstanceId" = "i01u29u12ue1u2c",
        }

        metric {
            name       = "CPUUsage"
            statistics = ["Sum", "Average"]
            period     = "1m"
        }
    }
}

As shown above, static blocks must be specified with a label, which will translate to the name label in the exported metric.

alloy
static "LABEL" {
    regions    = ["us-east-2"]
    namespace  = "AWS/EC2"
    // ...
}

You can configure the static block one or multiple times to scrape metrics with different sets of dimensions.

NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
regionslist(string)List of AWS regions.yes
namespacestringCloudWatch metric namespace.yes
dimensionsmap(string)CloudWatch metric dimensions as a list of name / value pairs. Must uniquely define all metrics in this job.yes
custom_tagsmap(string)Custom tags to be added as a list of key / value pairs. When exported to Prometheus format, the label name follows the following format: custom_tag_{key}.{}no
nil_to_zeroboolWhen true, NaN metric values are converted to 0. Individual metrics can override this value in the metric block.trueno

All dimensions must be specified when scraping single metrics like the example above. For example, AWS/Logs metrics require Resource, Service, Class, and Type dimensions to be specified. The same applies to CloudWatch custom metrics, all dimensions attached to a metric when saved in CloudWatch are required.

custom_namespace block

The custom_namespace block allows the component to scrape CloudWatch metrics from custom namespaces using only the namespace name and a list of metrics under that namespace. For example:

alloy
prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch "discover_instances" {
    sts_region = "eu-west-1"

    custom_namespace "customEC2Metrics" {
        namespace = "CustomEC2Metrics"
        regions   = ["us-east-1"]

        metric {
            name       = "cpu_usage_idle"
            statistics = ["Average"]
            period     = "5m"
        }

        metric {
            name       = "disk_free"
            statistics = ["Average"]
            period     = "5m"
        }
    }
}

You can configure the custom_namespace block multiple times if you need to scrape metrics from different namespaces.

NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
regionslist(string)List of AWS regions.yes
namespacestringCloudWatch metric namespace.yes
recently_active_onlyboolOnly return metrics that have been active in the last 3 hours.falseno
custom_tagsmap(string)Custom tags to be added as a list of key / value pairs. When exported to Prometheus format, the label name follows the following format: custom_tag_{key}.{}no
dimension_name_requirementslist(string)List of metric dimensions to query. Before querying metric values, the total list of metrics will be filtered to only those that contain exactly this list of dimensions. An empty or undefined list results in all dimension combinations being included.{}no
nil_to_zeroboolWhen true, NaN metric values are converted to 0. Individual metrics can override this value in the metric block.trueno

metric block

Represents an AWS Metrics to scrape. To see available metrics, AWS does not keep a documentation page with all available metrics. Follow this guide on how to explore metrics, to easily pick the ones you need.

NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
namestringMetric name.yes
statisticslist(string)List of statistics to scrape. For example, "Minimum", "Maximum", etc.yes
perioddurationRefer to the period section below.yes
lengthdurationRefer to the period section below.Calculated based on period. Refer to period for details.no
nil_to_zeroboolWhen true, NaN metric values are converted to 0.The value of nil_to_zero in the parent static or discovery block. true if not set in the parent block.no

period and length

period controls primarily the width of the time bucket used for aggregating metrics collected from CloudWatch. length controls how far back in time CloudWatch metrics are considered during each Alloy scrape. If both settings are configured, the time parameters when calling CloudWatch APIs works as follows:

An example of a CloudWatch period and length time model

As noted above, if across multiple metrics under the same static or discovery job, there’s different period and/or length the minimum of all periods, and maximum of all lengths is configured.

On the other hand, if length is not configured, both period and length settings will be calculated based on the required period configuration attribute.

If all metrics within a job (discovery or static) have the same period value configured, CloudWatch APIs will be requested for metrics from the scrape time, to periods seconds in the past. The values of these are exported to Prometheus.

An example of a CloudWatch single period and time model

On the other hand, if metrics with different periods are configured under an individual job, this works differently. First, two variables are calculated aggregating all periods: length, taking the maximum value of all periods, and the new period value, taking the minimum of all periods. Then, CloudWatch APIs will be requested for metrics from now - length to now, aggregating each in samples for period seconds. For each metric, the most recent sample is exported to CloudWatch.

An example of a CloudWatch multiple period and time model

role block

Represents an AWS IAM Role. If omitted, the AWS role that corresponds to the credentials configured in the environment will be used.

Multiple roles can be useful when scraping metrics from different AWS accounts with a single pair of credentials. In this case, a different role is configured for Alloy to assume before calling AWS APIs. Therefore, the credentials configured in the system need permission to assume the target role. Refer to Granting a user permissions to switch roles in the AWS IAM documentation for more information about how to configure this.

NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
role_arnstringAWS IAM Role ARN the exporter should assume to perform AWS API calls.yes
external_idstringExternal ID used when calling STS AssumeRole API. Refer to the IAM User Guide for more information.""no

decoupled_scraping block

The decoupled_scraping block configures an optional feature that scrapes CloudWatch metrics in the background on a scheduled interval. When this feature is enabled, CloudWatch metrics are gathered asynchronously at the scheduled interval instead of synchronously when the CloudWatch component is scraped.

The decoupled scraping feature reduces the number of API requests sent to AWS. This feature also prevents component scrape timeouts when you gather high volumes of CloudWatch metrics.

NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
enabledboolControls whether the decoupled scraping featured is enabledfalseno
scrape_intervalstringControls how frequently to asynchronously gather new CloudWatch metrics5mno

Exported fields

The following fields are exported and can be referenced by other components.

NameTypeDescription
targetslist(map(string))The targets that can be used to collect exporter metrics.

For example, the targets can either be passed to a discovery.relabel component to rewrite the targets’ label sets or to a prometheus.scrape component that collects the exposed metrics.

The exported targets use the configured in-memory traffic address specified by the run command.

Component health

prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch is only reported as unhealthy if given an invalid configuration. In those cases, exported fields retain their last healthy values.

Debug information

prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch does not expose any component-specific debug information.

Debug metrics

prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch does not expose any component-specific debug metrics.

Example

See the examples described under each discovery and static sections.

Supported services in discovery jobs

The following is a list of AWS services that are supported in cloudwatch_exporter discovery jobs. When configuring a discovery job, the type field of each discovery_job must match the desired job namespace.

  • Namespace: CWAgent
  • Namespace: AWS/Usage
  • Namespace: AWS/CertificateManager
  • Namespace: AWS/ACMPrivateCA
  • Namespace: AmazonMWAA
  • Namespace: AWS/MWAA
  • Namespace: AWS/ApplicationELB
  • Namespace: AWS/AppStream
  • Namespace: AWS/Backup
  • Namespace: AWS/ApiGateway
  • Namespace: AWS/AmazonMQ
  • Namespace: AWS/AppSync
  • Namespace: AWS/Athena
  • Namespace: AWS/AutoScaling
  • Namespace: AWS/ElasticBeanstalk
  • Namespace: AWS/Billing
  • Namespace: AWS/Cassandra
  • Namespace: AWS/CloudFront
  • Namespace: AWS/Cognito
  • Namespace: AWS/DataSync
  • Namespace: AWS/DMS
  • Namespace: AWS/DDoSProtection
  • Namespace: AWS/DocDB
  • Namespace: AWS/DX
  • Namespace: AWS/DynamoDB
  • Namespace: AWS/EBS
  • Namespace: AWS/ElastiCache
  • Namespace: AWS/MemoryDB
  • Namespace: AWS/EC2
  • Namespace: AWS/EC2Spot
  • Namespace: AWS/ECS
  • Namespace: ECS/ContainerInsights
  • Namespace: AWS/EFS
  • Namespace: AWS/ELB
  • Namespace: AWS/ElasticMapReduce
  • Namespace: AWS/EMRServerless
  • Namespace: AWS/ES
  • Namespace: AWS/Firehose
  • Namespace: AWS/FSx
  • Namespace: AWS/GameLift
  • Namespace: AWS/GatewayELB
  • Namespace: AWS/GlobalAccelerator
  • Namespace: Glue
  • Namespace: AWS/IoT
  • Namespace: AWS/Kafka
  • Namespace: AWS/KafkaConnect
  • Namespace: AWS/Kinesis
  • Namespace: AWS/KinesisAnalytics
  • Namespace: AWS/KMS
  • Namespace: AWS/Lambda
  • Namespace: AWS/Logs
  • Namespace: AWS/MediaConnect
  • Namespace: AWS/MediaConvert
  • Namespace: AWS/MediaLive
  • Namespace: AWS/MediaTailor
  • Namespace: AWS/Neptune
  • Namespace: AWS/NetworkFirewall
  • Namespace: AWS/NATGateway
  • Namespace: AWS/NetworkELB
  • Namespace: AWS/PrivateLinkEndpoints
  • Namespace: AWS/PrivateLinkServices
  • Namespace: AWS/Prometheus
  • Namespace: AWS/QLDB
  • Namespace: AWS/RDS
  • Namespace: AWS/Redshift
  • Namespace: AWS/Route53Resolver
  • Namespace: AWS/Route53
  • Namespace: AWS/RUM
  • Namespace: AWS/S3
  • Namespace: AWS/SecretsManager
  • Namespace: AWS/SES
  • Namespace: AWS/States
  • Namespace: AWS/SNS
  • Namespace: AWS/SQS
  • Namespace: AWS/StorageGateway
  • Namespace: AWS/TransitGateway
  • Namespace: AWS/TrustedAdvisor
  • Namespace: AWS/VPN
  • Namespace: AWS/ClientVPN
  • Namespace: AWS/WAFV2
  • Namespace: AWS/WorkSpaces
  • Namespace: AWS/AOSS
  • Namespace: AWS/SageMaker
  • Namespace: /aws/sagemaker/Endpoints
  • Namespace: /aws/sagemaker/TrainingJobs
  • Namespace: /aws/sagemaker/ProcessingJobs
  • Namespace: /aws/sagemaker/TransformJobs
  • Namespace: /aws/sagemaker/InferenceRecommendationsJobs
  • Namespace: AWS/Sagemaker/ModelBuildingPipeline
  • Namespace: AWS/IPAM
  • Namespace: AWS/Bedrock
  • Namespace: AWS/Events

Compatible components

prometheus.exporter.cloudwatch has exports that can be consumed by the following components:

Note

Connecting some components may not be sensible or components may require further configuration to make the connection work correctly. Refer to the linked documentation for more details.